How Electric Motors and Generators Work

Electric vehicles rely exclusively on electric motors for propulsion, and hybrids use electric motors to assist their internal combustion engines for locomotion. But thats not all. These very motors can be, and are, used to generate electricity (through the process of regenerative braking) for charging these vehicles onboard batteries. The most common question is: How can that be ... how does that work? Most folks understand that a motor is powered by electricity to do work—they see it every day in their household appliances (​washing machines, vacuum cleaners, food processors). But the idea that a motor can run backward, actually generating electricity rather than consuming it seems almost like magic. But once the relationship between magnets and electricity (electromagnetism) and the concept of conservation of energy is understood, the mystery disappears. Electromagnetism Motor power and electricity generation begin with the property of electromagnetism—the physical relationship between a magnet and electricity. An electromagnet is a device that acts like a magnet, but its magnetic force is manifested and controlled by electricity. When wire made of conducting material (copper, for example) moves through a magnetic field, current is created in the wire (a rudimentary generator). Conversely, when electricity is passed through a wire that is wound around an iron core, and this core is in the presence of a magnetic field, it will move and twist (a very basic motor). Motor/Generators Motor/generators are really one device that can run in two opposite modes. Contrary to what folks sometimes think, that does not mean that the two modes of the motor/generator run backward from each other (that as a motor the device turns in one direction and as a generator, it turns the opposite direction). The shaft always spins the same way. The change of direction is in the flow of electricity. As a motor, it consumes electricity (flows in) to make mechanical power, and as a generator, it consumes mechanical power to produce electricity (flows out). Electromechanical Rotation Electric motor/generators are generally one of two types, either AC (Alternating Current) or DC (Direct Current) and those designations are indicative of the type of electricity that they consume and generate. Without getting into too much detail and clouding the issue, this is the difference: AC current changes direction (alternates) as it flows through a circuit. DC currents flow  uni-directionally (stays the same) as it goes through a circuit. The type of current utilized is concerned mostly with the cost of the unit and its efficiency (An AC motor/generator is generally more expensive, but is also much more efficient). Suffice it to say that most hybrids and many larger all-electric vehicles use AC motor/generators—so that is the type well focus on in this explanation. An AC Motor/Generator Consists of 4 Main Parts: A shaft-mounted wire wound armature (rotor)A field of magnets that induce electrical energy stacked side-by-side in a housing (stator)Slip rings that carry the AC current to/from the armatureBrushes that contact the slip rings and transfer current to/from the electrical circuit The AC Generator in Action The armature is driven by a mechanical source of power (for example, in commercial electric power production it would be a steam turbine). As this wound rotor spins, its wire coil passes over the permanent magnets in the stator and an electric current is created in the wires of the armature. But because each individual loop in the coil passes first the north pole then the south pole of each magnet sequentially as it rotates on its axis, the induced current continually, and rapidly, changes direction. Each change of direction is called a cycle, and it is measured in cycles-per-second or hertz (Hz). In the United States, the cycle rate is 60 Hz (60 times per second), while in most other developed parts of the world it is 50 Hz. Individual slip rings are fitted to each of the two ends of the rotors wire loop to provide a path for the current to leave the armature. Brushes (which are actually carbon contacts) ride against the slip rings and complete the path for the current into the circuit to which the generator is attached. The AC Motor in Action Motor action (supplying mechanical power) is, in essence, the reverse of generator action. Instead of spinning the armature to make electricity, current is fed by a circuit, through the brushes and slip rings and into the armature. This current flowing through the coil wound rotor (armature) turns it into an electromagnet. The permanent magnets in the stator repel this electromagnetic force causing the armature to spin. As long as electricity flows through the circuit, the motor will run.

Is it Ethical to Raise Livestock in a Factory Farm Essay...

When we mention about farm, most of us have this image of a vast green pasture where farmers spend most of their time herding livestock but that idyllic picture is just a thing from the past. Since the 1930s in America, small farms started to wither away, made way to bigger and highly mechanized factory farms. It all traced back to McDonalds and the booming of fast food restaurants (Food, Inc 2008). Fast food restaurants had become successful because they could produce tasty food with cheaper cost. Their franchises eventually made them a multi-million-dollars industry. Big business required big suppliers. Small rural farms cannot meet the demand for supply and they quickly fade away. Farmers were being replaced by corporations in†¦show more content†¦There are two categories for these birds. Chickens raised for eggs are called â€Å"Layers† and those raised for meat are called â€Å"Broilers.† A chicken’s fate has a lot to do with its gender. Male chicks have no economic use since they cannot lay eggs and not genetically bred for meat. They are basically waste products and must be removed. â€Å"They are crushed, gassed, or discarded in trash bags to suffocate, or simply piled one on top of another, to die from dehydration or asphyxiation† (Compassion Over Killing, 2011). According to People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), more than 100 million of male chicks are killed every year.† (PETA 2011). Layers practically spent their youth to maturity confined in cages no bigger than their bodies. The cages are densely packed next and on top of one another. Laying hens are frequently starved to maximize their eggs production. The goal is to maximize production with amount of effort. The way I see it: It is like life in prison for those hens. They cannot move and even flap their wings. Living in overcrowded area, it is a natural tendency for the birds to peck at each other. To solve that problem, new born chicks will get part of their top beaks cut off without any painkillers. Many chicks experience pain and unable eat for days. When hens can no longer produce eggs, they are killed and sent elsewhere. Why would one kill those hens? Can we still use them forShow MoreRelatedCompanies Are Treating The Animals We Will Ultimately Consume1701 Words   |  7 Pagesquick and easy food options. Without prior knowledge, an individual could be consuming contaminated meat products that were pro duced on a factory farm. Since the 1960’s, factory farming has accounted for over 99% of the meat sold in the United States (Zacharias, 2011). The move towards large, factory farms saves meat industry millions of dollars a day. These farms pose a huge risk to public health and environmental safety. Currently, four major companies produce 85% of all the beef in the United StatesRead MoreCattle Farming Safe For All Humanity1306 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent. Grass-fed farms feed their cattle the closest they can to a natural diet of year-round pasture grazing and substitutes such as; alfalfa and hay in the offseason. On organic farms, workers strive to follow the USDA guidelines and prepare for yearly inspections. Local, also known as, independent farmers may choose to raise their cattle organically, by natural grass feeding or mixed. These farms raise large herds but not nearly as large as conventional factory farms. On Organic farms, long hours andRead MoreFactory Farming Should Be Banned1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthe antibiotic- and pesticide- laden corpse of a tortured animal.† says Ingrid Newkirk, co-founder of (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) PETA and animal activist. Factory farming should be banned or demolished thoroughly due to more harm than good that is being presented worldwide. Animal brutality, which can be found constantly and excessively throughout factory farms, is a deleterious act involving the animals and a diabolic act regarding human morals. The antic actions that proceedRead MoreThe Environmental Impact Of Meat Production1421 Words   |  6 Pagesfood chains in check because we aren’t knocking down creatures’ homes to build huge factories. Since land and environment are not damaged but, respected and cared for, it makes for a safer and natural lifestyle for the cattle, the farmers, the consumers, and the world. According to a study done â€Å"on previously eroded soil in the Piedmont region of the US, pasture establishments with well-managed grazing of livestock resulted in high rates of both carbon and nitrogen sequestration relative to resultsRead MoreFactory Farming Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesare made possible because of factory farming. Factory farming is the reason why consumers are able to purchase low-priced poultry in their local supermarket and also the reason why chickens and other animals are being seen as profit rather than living, breathing beings. So what is exactly is factory farming? According to Ben Macintyre, a writer and columnist of The Times, a British newspaper and a former chicken farm worker, he summed up the goal of any factory farm â€Å"... to produce the maximum quantityRead MoreThe Food Industry And Its Impact On The Society1490 Words   |  6 PagesHalf a century ago, farm animals were raised on open fields, breathing fresh air, and grazing on pastures. Today, over 99% of farm animals in the U.S. are raised in industrialized factory f arms, which focus on profit and efficiency as opposed to the animal’s welfare. The industry has forgotten the importance of the animals’ health and wellbeing and has become obsessed with profit to the point that it is negatively impacting the animals in the industry. The food industry needs to be reformed to returnRead MoreEssay on Behind Meat and Meat Factories1404 Words   |  6 Pagesand Drug Administration). Since meat was such in high of demands, farmers had to take shortcuts to raise chickens, cows, and other animals. Then antibiotics came along and made raising animals easier. Unfortunately, the high demand and shortcuts made living conditions for the animal unsuitable. The meat produced today is much different than it was then. Most meat now are filled with hormones to raise them plumper. Animal rights and health issues is a enormous problem in the meat industry. We may mindlesslyRead MoreThe Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms1407 Words   |  6 PagesDeanda Jones The Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms The first questions we have to ask ourselves; do animals have rights, do they have feelings, do they feel pain, do they need as we do? To find the answer, one needs merely to think back on empirical data if one has ever owned or been around an animal, a dog or a cat, or horses or farm animals. Take for instance a mother cat. When a mother has kittens, she looks for a sheltered, warm, safe place to do so. When theyRead MorePersuasive Speech On Animal Welfare1644 Words   |  7 PagesFor some people raising livestock is way of life. We take pride in raising animals, treating them with respect and care. Some people have animals who have a end product that requires the animal to give it’s life so we can feed ourselves. After hours of taking care of animals we harbor a great amount of respect for the animals. Farmers put their heart and soul into raising animals. People show their animals at events to be judge on quality, to learn, and develop friendships with fellow animal enthusiastRead MoreEthical And Ethical Ethics Of The Food Industry Essay1996 Words   |  8 Pagesand Kantian ethical theories support this view, while ethical risk assessment should be a part of coming up with a solution. Antibiotics came into the commercial setting in the 1940s, when penicillin began to be used to treat infections. Shortly after, livestock and poultry farmers began to integrate antibiotics into their conventional farming methods. Now, less than a hundred years later, 70% of all antibiotics that are used in human medicine are also used in agriculture and livestock, while 80%

Operation Safe Skies IT Ethics

Question: Discuss about thefor Operation Safe Skies for IT Ethics. Answer: Introduction: Ethics is a domain of research and study in addition with a theory which evaluates and determines the ethical and moral appropriateness of an action in regards to some principles which have been explained from an ethical perspective (Brtiz, 2016). There are various theories which have been created to assess an action on ethics. The similar theories have been utilized for evaluation of the problems of Operation Safe Skies. Project Background An engineering firm, Occidental Engineering has been developing a project known as Operation Safe Skies. The project will produce a prototype for a next generation system of Air Traffic Control and it is being performed in agreement with US Federal Aviation Agency. The organization has bid comprehensively. However, they have bid below the amount needed to accomplish the contract. The project team created a prototype by performing for 18 hours in a day. But, the projects test engineer, Wayne Davidson has noticed a major defect in the prototype. The defect will lead the system to lose tract of more than one aircrafts. This might cause collisions and/or other dangers. The developers have assured that the issues will be fixed within 1 month. Project Manager Deborah Shepherd wants to launch the buggy product since fixing the bug will cause the organization to miss the deadline. This decision might not be accepted by Wayne. Ethical Analysis Theory of Consequentialism The ethical theory which establishes the ethical appropriateness of an action in regards to the implications and consequences that will result from it is known as the Theory of Consequentialism. If the results are positive and will be advantageous to the parties involved, then, it can be regarded as ethically appropriate (BBC, 2016). There are 2 distinct activity set which are present in the ethical dilemma and problem of Operation Safe Skies. The first and main issue is the action being suggested by Deborah. She wants to launch the product and later on, rectify the issues. If this is done, then Occidental Engineering will meet the contracts deadline. But, it will have some negative implications which includes air collision and loss of property and lives. The action being recommended by Wayne states that the product be delayed. However, this might cause the organization to lose their reputation, however, it will be advantageous in regards to security and safety of the system of Air Traffic Control and the parties involved. The after-effects may contaitn the collistion of aircraft and which may result in loss of lives and property. The act which recommended by Wayne contains the delay of product which in turn return in degradation of reputation of company but will surely be beneficial with respect to safety of air traffic system control nad other involving parties. According to the Consequentialism Theory, the action being recommended by Deborah is ethically improper. The action suggested by Wayne is morally and ethically correct. Theory of Deontology The 2nd theory which has been applied to the given project of Operation Safe Skies is the theory of deontology. It evaluates an action to be ethically proper or improper according to its compliance with duties and rules that defines the action. According to this theory, the more the action adheres to the rules, the more it is ethically appropriate (Gaus, 2016). A project primary rule is the delivery of products in according to the requirements which have been specified. The product will have zero or minimal defects and will adhere to the project deadline too. Deborah wants to achieve the last objective according to her recommendation and have ignored the previous two objectives. If a defective product is launched, a critical bug will be present and will not adhere to the primary set of requirements. However, Wayne achieves ethical compliance in addition to a collection of best practices of a test engineer. He clearly states the defects and their consequences. According to the Theory of Deontology, Deborahs act is ethically incorrect and Waynes decision is ethically correct (Nill, 2016). Virtue Ethics The third ethical theory which has been applied to the given project of Operation Safe skies is Virtue Ethics. It has been used to comprehend the ethical problem present in the project. The principles of this theory is given in regards to the involved individuals and parties character. It recommends that care and happiness of an individual and his/her fellows needs to be main aim of life. An action which fulfills the objective is ethically appropriate (Hursthouse, 2016). Deborah, for the above project, recommends the launch of the product, even though critical bugs are present (Bowden, 2016). Her motive is the firms protection and her teams and her happiness. But, she is quite aware of the probable damages which will be caused by the problems and has neglected the care for the common citizens and for US FAA. Wayne recommends delaying the product launch and rectifying the problem so that lives and property can be protected. Waynes decision has the elements of happiness and care for ev eryone. According to the Virtue Ethics theory, Deborahs act is ethically incorrect and Waynes decision is ethically correct. Australian Computer Society Code of Professional Conduct According to ACSs Professional Conduct Code, there are 6 principles which must be complied with and will be reflected in an executives actions. These are The top priority of any project will be the public interest. The actions must show an improvement in the quality of life, via the work performed. Honesty needs to be present in all the involved activities. Competence needs to be an essential component. Professional Development will be improved. Professionalism, in regards to societys integrity, must be reflected (ACS, 2016). The act recommended by Deborah ignores most the ACS Professional Conduct Code principles since she ignores public interest and the element of truth is missing since she will be hiding the defects from everybody. Additionally, professionalism and quality of life are not present in the proposed decision. But, Waynes suggestion complies with the principles of ACSs Professional Conduct Code. Conclusion The project, Operation Safe Skies, comprises of major functionalities and consists of a set of requirements which needs to be complied with. Additionally, the project deadline is quite critical since if it is missed, there will be some major consequences to be faced. The ethical dilemma which is present in the project needs to be analyzed in regards to 3 ethical theories Theory of Deontology, Virtue Ethics, and the Theory of Consequentialism. The 3 theories are founded on various set of methods and principles which examine an action in regards to it being either ethical or non-ethical. But, all the theories have a single and similar feedback and end result. The Project Manager, Deborahs act has been examined and has been deemed to be ethically inappropriate. The test engineer, Waynes recommendation has been deemed to be ethically appropriate. There are options which have been recommended to diminish the gap that is present amongst the 2 decisions. Deborah can implement additional re sources within the development team. These resources will have knowledge regarding the activities of the project and will help in rectifying the problem. This will result in faster processing of the end product. Additionally, it will not lead to a loss of reputation of the organization in case they miss the contracts deadline. Legal extension can also be requested for the date of delivery in accordance to scenarios and conditions. The same actions might cause some punishments and penalties, however, it will adhere to regulatory and legal policies. Communication is critical for every project and this can be used to hold discussions and meetings with the external shareholders and the sponsors of the project so that they can comprehend the consequences of the problem. They will also be assured that the problem will be rectified fully. References ACS. (2016). ACS Code of Ethics. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/7835/Code-of-Ethics.pdf BBC,. (2016). BBC - Ethics - Introduction to ethics: Consequentialism. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtml Bowden, P. (2016). Virtue ethics, Aristotle and organisational behaviour. Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https://www.unisa.edu.au/Documents/EASS/HRI/GIG/bowden-virtue.pdf Britz, J. (2016). Technology as a Threat to Privacy:Ethical Challenges. Web.simmons.edu. Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https://web.simmons.edu/~chen/nit/NIT'96/96-025-Britz.html Gaus, G. (2016). What is Deontology?, Part One: Orthodox Views. Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https://www.gaus.biz/deontology1.pdf Hursthouse, R. (2016). Virtue Ethics and Human Nature. Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https://www.humesociety.org/hs/issues/v25n1-2/hursthouse/hursthouse-v25n1-2.pdf Nill, M. (2016). Deontology. Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https://cw.routledge.com/ref/ethics/entries/deontology.pdf

The Lovely Bones Essay Example

The Lovely Bones Paper Novel text: The lovely bones A study of the writing techniques Sebold uses to engage with the readers. Focus on: 1. Narrative style -1st Person Narrative -Tone -Imagery 2. Use of Flashbacks 3. Symbols 4. Names of characters Themes: ? Death ? Grief ? Healing ? Loss of innocence ? Isolation /Ostracism ? Family relationships -coping with loss and change Study of Techniques 1. NARRATIVE STYLE First Person -An intimate relationship is formed immediately so that we side with Susie instantly and begin to allow ourselves to be consumed by Susie’s tragedy -1st sentence. She confides in us -not only rape/murder (Chap 1), but her first kiss (p14), the secret, revealing photo of her mother (p 43), her hiding spots (p145) etc, we form a relationship of trust. â€Å"I WANT TO GROW UP† P19 Tone -Unsentimental tone -Chilling description -see imagery (imagery and tone work together to create sympathy) -Sebold’s narrative is void of feeling and sentiment -as if she does this so w e the readers fill it with our own emotive reactions empathy Imagery The strong and graphic imagery used evokes a strong emotional reaction from the reader -uses strong imagery to reinforce relationship between Susie and reader because we feel deep sympathy for what has happened to Susie. -â€Å"fitting my limbs together†-p8 -â€Å"he had put me in a waxy cloth sack†¦tumbled together with my knees fingers and toes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -p50 -â€Å"town of floating graves† p182 USE OF FLASHBACKS -a technique that acts as a vehicle in allowing us to understand characters better, and feel sympathy for them flashbacks are scattered right through the novel Different ways flashbacks are used: Sympathy for Susie -Happy, normal childhood memories juxtaposed with her cruel reality. first kiss p13 -Everything precious memory of Susie’s is ruined by Mr. Harvey -flashbacks stylistic device used to further our hatred for Mr. Harvey and our sympathy for Mr. Harvey. sinkhole p51 -Technique of contrast -contrast present sadness of her life with youthful happiness of her stolen past. To understand characters contrast them before and after Susie’s death -we see them deal with death, loss grief in different ways. Jack Salmon Many memories of him being perfect father, p7, p51 then we see him deteriorate to a broken man carrying the guilt of not being there for Susie when she needed him p58 Contrast of happy memories with Abigail strong marriage to breakdown of marriage due to Susie’s death. Mr. Harvey -Even as the villain, flashbacks are used to conjure sympathy for Mr. Harvey. They are used to expose his disturbing/traumatic childhood and force the reader to see him as once innocent and more human. p188- 189, p97 With these flashbacks we must consider Mr. Harvey as a victim and his own inability to deal with loss and grief, (like Jack Salmon they both ostracize themselves from society). 3. SYMBOLS There is much symbolism within the text just a few to consider: To symbolise theme of healing and loss Salmon family must accept Susie’s death and find a new support structure amongst themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lovely Bones specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lovely Bones specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lovely Bones specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The charm keystone represents the support structure of a bridge that everything depends on to remain standing Susie is who tied the family together she was the keystone to the Salmon family, once charm is taken by Mr. Harvey, the Salmon family’s support network breaks down -they must build a new support network amongst themselves. Susie’s broken bones symbolize Salmon’s broken family structure -as Susie is in heaven piecing together her bones the Salmon family must gather together and form a new structure to find closure to their grief. once all characters heal, build new family structure by end of book -â€Å"these were the lovely bones that had grown in my absence† p320 Water rain and showers The symbolic washing away of pain and finding closure to their pain -Lindsey runs home in the rain -finally she is able to close the open wound of her sister’s death p 242 -Susie makes love to Ray in the shower-it was one of the last things she does before she is reconciled to the fact that she no longer is needed on earth and she can retire to heaven, her healing is complete p278 -it rains when Jack and Abigail reunite in the hospital, and rekindle their marriage, they have both dealt with Susie’s death differently and are healed. NAMES OF CHARACTERS Susie Salmon -shortened name -establishes notion of familiarity between reader and Susie -creates intimacy. It is an endearing, cute, can be connected with innocence and purity. The name highlights her age and how Susie will never grow up = sympathy. Established from very outset of book, therefore relationship established from outset -no change. Lindsey Salmon -Name never changes, it is resolute, tough, constant -like Lindsey. As the name cannot be shortened or changed, neither can the events that have taken place in her life she must learn to deal with them. Abigail Salmon -throughout the novel she undergoes an identity crisis -Susie’s death raises questions about Abigail’s identity -her name thus changes a number of times to reflect this. She is ‘Mom’, ‘Abigail’ and at one point completely nameless when she is the most confused about her actions. P42, 152, 62 For Abigail, when there is a change of name there is a change in her character. Mr. Harvey Susie refers to him as Mr. Harvey -irony as he does not deserve the title and respect. Also creates distance between him and character -reinforces his ostracism. Name is simple -contrasts to his complicated life. Name is generic anyone could be a murderer, he camouflages himself in the disguise of a generic name. Only referred to as George Harvey by Len Fernmen and in childhood flashbacks supposed to show human side to him, see him as a victim to Jack’s â€Å"mad’ accusations and sad childhood. The Lovely Bones Essay Example The Lovely Bones Paper How does Sebold use representations of speech and other literary techniques to portray the character of Grandma Lynn in the following extract and in one other extract in the novel? In The Lovely Bones, Grandma Lynn plays a key role in reconnecting the Salmon family following Susie’s death. Throughout the novel, Sebold and uses a variety of different literary techniques to portray her character to the reader. The extract is the scene where Lynn is first introduced, which Sebold uses to give a first impression of Lynn as a character, and the other extract I shall be looking at is where Sebold develops Lynn’s relationship with Lindsey, where she helps her find an outfit from Susie’s wardrobe. Sebold uses Lynn to change the mood of the family, Lynn is shown to use colloquial language when talking to her family. Lynn says that she will â€Å"just run out to the front hall and get my bag o’ magic†, the â€Å"bag o’ magic† referring to her make-up bag. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lovely Bones specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lovely Bones specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lovely Bones specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This colloquial term provokes humour in the family, and the â€Å"o’† is a reference to an Irish dialect. Sebold shows the reader that she changes the atmosphere within the family. In contrast to this, in the other extract she tells Lindsey that Abigail is â€Å"a wreck†, as if provoking Lindsey into conversation. Sebold uses to show the reader that as well as making a scene relaxed and humorous, she also is able to use colloquial language to talk about difficult, sensitive issues with the family. Lynn is characterised by Sebold through her excessive vanity, obsessed with the idea of beauty she does not reply to Abigail’s comment regarding her looks and immediately jumps into conversation regarding Jack and his suspicions. Later in this scene she then pressurises Abigail into letting her â€Å"do a makeover†, and when Lindsey asks Lynn to teach her about makeup, Sebold shows Lynn to be rejoiced about this by saying â€Å"My God in heaven, praise the Lord, yes! †. The use of exclamatives emphasises her vanity, as the reader can see her excitement in being able to teach her granddaughter about makeup. This also shows the reader the relationship she has with her family – her daughter is reluctant to let her get anywhere near her with â€Å"those instruments of torture†, which indicates that it may have happened to her previously with disastrous consequences, however her granddaughter is willing to do undergo this, to encourage Lindsey’s transformation from a teenager into a woman. This is reiterated when Lynn helps Susie find an outfit, where Lynn attempts to find Susie a â€Å"nice outfit† from her wardrobe. The idea of looks and appearance begins to rub off on Lindsey, who says that she â€Å"needs to look pretty†, an ideology closely followed by Lynn. Sebold also shows Lynn to be a frequent drinker, with her dependence on alcohol shown throughout the novel. As soon as she is introduced she is shown to drink excessively as she says â€Å"no one has to tell me where the liquor is! † The use of exclamatives in this sentence emphasises the idea that she has visited the Salmon family before, and that she drank excessively then. This can be seen as an ‘inside joke’ between the family. However, Sebold emphasises the point that she is dependent when she says to Jack â€Å"we need some stiff drinks†. The pronoun â€Å"we† is used to draw the attention away from herself, to make it look like she isn’t the only one who wants a drink. Lynn’s lexical choices also enhance her alcoholism, as Sebold uses the adjective â€Å"stiff† to describe how she wants the drinks to be strong, to help cope with the memorial. Sebold portrays Lynn as a very dominant character through the relationships she has with her family. When talking to others she controls the conversation through the use of interrogatives and through this is able to bring up sensitive areas with the family. She asks Abigail â€Å"how is he? † when Jack has left the room, and when he returns quickly drops conversation with â€Å"but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This ellipsis shows the reader how, although dominative, she is also sensitive to her family and does not want to upset anybody. This is shown again in the other extract where Lynn tells Lindsey â€Å"You are pretty†, which shocks both Lindsey and Susie as Lynn rarely gives out compliments. Lynn is shown to be a very caring member of the family, despite being somewhat flawed, and the way that she impacts upon the family after she has arrived shows that she plays a key role in the novel. Through her use of colloquial language, Sebold shows us that she is able to change the atmosphere of each scene, from humorous to very serious, and the varied sentence structures that Sebold uses portrays Lynn’s views and opinions, and structures her character.

Words Used to Discuss Money

Words Used to Discuss Money The words below are some of the most important used when talking about money and finance. Each group of words in related and each word has an example sentence to provide context for learning. Practice using these words in writing in daily discussions concerning money.  You can also learn idioms using money if these words are too easy.   Banking account - I have a savings and a checking account at the bank.bank statement - Most people view bank statements online these days.bankrupt - Unfortunately the business went bankrupt three years ago.borrow - She borrowed money to purchase a car.budget - Its important to stick to your budget in order to save money.cash - Rich prefers to pay with cash rather than by credit card.cashier - The cashier can ring this up for you.check - Could I pay by check or do you prefer cash?credit (card) - Id like to put this on my credit card and pay it off over three months.debit card - Nowadays, most people pay for daily expenses using a debit card.currency - I enjoyed living in Europe when there were many different colorful currencies.debt - Too much debt can ruin your life.deposit - I need to go to the bank and deposit a few checks.exchange rate - The exchange rate is very favorable today.interest (rate) - You can get a very low interest rate on this loan.invest - Its a good idea to invest some mon ey in real estate. investment - Peter made an investment in some stock and did very well.lend - Banks lend money to qualified customers.  loan - He took out a loan to purchase the car.mortgage - Most people have to take out a mortgage to buy a house.owe - I still owe $3,000 to the bank.pay - The boss paid his employees on the last Friday of each month.save - Save money every month and youll be happy someday.  savings - I keep my savings in a different bank with higher interest.withdraw - Id like to withdraw $500 from my account.   Buying bargain - I got a great bargain on a new car.bill - The bill for the repairs came to $250.cost - How much did that shirt cost?expense - Alice had some extra expenses this month.installments - You can pay in ten easy installments of $99.price - Im afraid I cant lower the price of the car.purchase - How much food did you purchase at the supermarket?purse - She left her purse at home, so Ill pay for lunch.receipt - Always keep receipts when purchasing electronics.reduction - Were offering a special price reduction today.refund - My daughter didnt like these pants. Can I get a refund?spend - How much money do you spend every month?wallet - He took $200 out of his wallet to pay for dinner. Earning bonus - Some bosses give a bonus at the end of the year.earn - She earns over $100,000 per year.  earnings - Our companies earnings were less than expected so the boss didnt give us a bonus.income - Did you have any investment income to declare?gross income - Our gross income rose 12% this year.net income - We had a lot of costs, so our net income fell.raise - Her boss gave her a raise because shes such a great employee.salary - The job has a great salary and a lot of benefits.  wage - Part-time jobs tend to pay hourly wages.   Giving collection - The church took a collection to help the poor family.donate - Its important to donate to charity these days.donation - You can make a tax-deductible donation to help us out.  fee - There are a few fees that youll have to pay.fine - I had to pay a fine because I was late with the payment.grant - The school received a governmental grant to do the research.income tax - Most countries have an income tax, but a few lucky ones dont.inheritance - SHe came into a large inheritance last year, so she doesnt need to work.pension - Many elderly live on a small pension.pocket money - Its important to give your children pocket money.rent - Rent is so expensive in this city.scholarship - If youre lucky, youll win a scholarship to attend university.tip - I always leave a tip unless the service is very bad.winnings - She invested her winnings from Las Vegas in a crazy company. Verbs add up - The bookkeeping doesnt add up correctly. Lets recalculate.go up / down - The price of the stock went up 14%.make ends meet - More and more people are finding it difficult to make ends meet these days.pay back - Tom paid back the loan in three years.pay into - I pay a small amount into a retirement account every month.put down - She put down $30,000 towards the purchase of the house.run out - Have you ever run out of money before the end of the month?save up - Ive saved up over $10,000 to buy a new car.take out - I need to take out a loan. Other Related Words profit - We made a great profit on the deal.  property - Property almost always goes up in value if you hold onto it long enough.valuable - The painting was very valuable.  value - The value of the dollar has decreased greatly over the past ten years.  waste of money - Smoking cigarettes is bad for your health and a waste of money.wealth - I think people spend too much time focusing on wealth.worthless - Unfortunately, that painting is worthless.   Descriptive Adjectives affluent - Affluent people dont always know how lucky they are.broke - As a student, I was always broke.generous - THe generous donor gave over $5,000.hard-up - Im afraid Peter is hard-up. He hasnt been able to find a job.mean - Shes very mean. She wouldnt even buy a baby a present.poor - He may be poor, but hes very friendly.prosperous - The prosperous man grew fat and lazy.rich - Everyone wants to be rich, but few really are.stingy - Dont be so stingy with your children.wealthy - Frank is one of the wealthy people in this town.well off - Jennifer is very well off and doesnt have to work for a living.   Learn words that go together with the word money to expand your vocabulary.

The Adventures of Huckleberry essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn picks up where The Adventures of Tom Sawyer leaves off. Tom and Huck discovered 12 thousand dollars and Judge Thatcher invested the money for them. Huck is a young boy who loves to spend time in the outdoors. Unfortunately Hucks father has abandoned him so he lives with the Widow Douglas. The Widow Douglas and her sister Mrs. Watson try to teach Huck right from wrong. Tom and Huck decide to start a gang and get some buddies to join them. They soon get bored of make believe battles so the group breaks apart. Hucks father returns and tries to take Hucks money from him. He threatens Huck and tells him not to go to school anymore. The Widow Douglas tries to get full custody of Huck, but the new judge in town will not let her. Not long after Pa gets Huck away from Widow Douglas and goes to a log cabin. Pa starts to beat Huck so he wants to get away. He kills a pig and spreads the blood everywhere so Pa would think it was him. Huck finds a canoe and floats down the river to Jackson Island. Huck sets a camp site up and stays there for a while. After a while he runs into a campfire and wants to find out who else is on the island. He is a little frightened, but he still wants to know who is on the island with him. The next day he finds out that it is Mrs. Watsons slave, Jim. Jim was scared because he thought Huck was dead. He got over it though because he liked having a friend with him now. Jim and Huck have become good buddies on this island all alone. The river starts to rise and they see a whole house float by. They decide to hop on it to see what they can find. They never thought they were going to find a dead man in the corner, but they did. Jim goes over to look at the body and realizes that it is Pa. He doesnt want to tell Huck. After this Huck returns to town dressed like a girl so no one will know that he is still alive. He wants to ...

Statistical concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistical concepts - Essay Example Regression has diverse applications in my professional life and an understanding of factors to team work is one of the scopes in which it can be applied. This is because of the skills ability to develop models of relationships among variables (Ott and Longnecker, 2010). I have also improved on my descriptive statistics skills, skills that relate to identification of main features of a data set. Major improvements are application of statistical software to facilitate computation of the statistics, and differences between the statistics and their corresponding parameters. Descriptive statistics skills such as ability to compute and interpret mode and standard deviation is applicable to understanding trends of occurrences in my daily life activities such as time spent on traffic, and time and money spent on leisure over a period of time. The skill is then applicable in budgeting for efficient utility and conservation of resources in my personal life. Like regression analysis skills, des criptive statistics skills are applicable in problem solution towards passing examinations that test the skills, either directly or indirectly. The skills are also applicable in understanding data in professional scopes towards effective managerial decisions. I have also developed competence in skills related to test of hypothesis, a concept that evaluates validity of occurrences. Even though they have limited application in my personal life because precision is not a necessity, the skills are important in ensuring accurate decisions in professional decisions, such as effectiveness of training on employees, and helps in passing examinations that test related concepts (Ott and Longnecker, 2010). Probability and sampling are concepts whose skills I... Statistical concepts This paper discuses some of the concepts and their possible roles in my personal life, my academics, and my professional life. The course has been instrumental to my knowledge of mathematical skills through introducing me to new concepts and helping me to review previously learnt concepts. Some of the skills that I have acquired or improved on during the course are skills on regression analysis, descriptive statistics, and test of hypothesis. Regression analysis is a mathematical skill for estimating relationships among variables and ascertaining significance of the relationships. It develops models of best fit for relationships by estimating coefficients of independent variables. With an established model, a dependent variable can be estimated, provided values of its associated independent variables are known. The mathematical technique helps in understanding relationships and in forecasting. In my personal life, regression analysis is fundamental to understanding categories of my e xpenditures and their respective burden on my total expenditure. Explored on from periodic expenditures, the skill can help me to understand expenditure categories that are significant to my total expenditures and the degree of significance of each category. This can then help me to review my preferences and align my expenditures to reflect on my preferences and needs. The skills are applicable to decision making processes in my personal and professional lives, and aid my academic competence.